1. How can internists determine whether patients near the end of life are or are not competent to make their own health care decisions, and what resources and guidelines are available to assist physicians in this task? 2. How can a physician facilitate the surrogate decision-making process when the goals and values of the surrogates appear to conflict with those of the patient or those of each other? 3. When it has been determined that a patient is not competent, who should be the surrogate decision-maker; and what are the legal requirements in this area?